Enríquez Varela Josué Alejandro

English II

2BM4

UPIITA-IPN, CDMX, Sep. 25th 2023

Revilla Cuevas Laura Adriana

Homework 6 MODALS PRACTICE

Homework 6 MODALS PRACTICE 1

Description 1

Activities: 1

Theory: 1

Description

Click the links that I attached to this assignment.

Star t by reviewing the powerpoint presentation and the other ﬁle that I attached because they contained the

grammar explanation of the topic.

Then answer the exercises that belong to the British Council site, then the rest of the exercises.

Review all the grammar explanations about the topics and answer all the activities included.

Take screenshots of the results (at least 80% of good ones)

Paste them in a ﬁle.

Attach the ﬁle in this assignment.

Activities:

Theory:

-don’t take–s,ngior–ed suffixes.

-are followed by the bare infinitive(infinitive without to).

-come before the subject in questions and are followed by not in negation

-don’t have tenses in the normal sense. When followed by present bare infinitive,they refer to an incomplet

action or state (i.e. present or future).

You should be more patient. When followed by a perfect bare infinitive,they refer to a complete action or

state.

He should have listened to her advice.

Note: The tenses of the infinitive are:

Present: (to) walk

Present continuous: (to) be walking

Perfect: (to) have walked

Perfect continuous: (to) have been walking

Obligation/ Duty/ Necessity

(must, have to, should /ought to=

• Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth,

and shows that sth is essential.We generally use

must when the speaker has decided that sth is

necessary(i.e. subjective). She must see a dentist

son. You must tell her the truth. (It is your

duty/You are obliged to do sth.)

• Have to express strong necessity/obligation.

We usually use have to when somebody other than

the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e.

objective). The doctor says I have to take these

pills for a week. (It’s necessary. The doctor told

me so.)

● Had to is the past form of both must and

have to.

● Should/Ought to express duty,weak

obligation.

You should explain things in more detail. (It’s your

duty.– les empathic tan must=

Absence of necessity

don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t.

● Don’t have to/Don’t need to/Needn’t

It isn’t necessary to do sth in the present /future.

You don’t have to give the speech if you feel

nervous.

Alan doesn’t need to have an injection. You

needn’t worry about the bad weather.

● Didn’t need to/Didn’t have to:

It wasn't necessary to do sth. We don’t know if it

was done or not. Pam didn’t have to go work

earlier.

(We don’t know whether she went to work earlier or

not.)

● Needn’t have + past participle

It wasn’t necessary to do sth, but it was done. An

action happened in the past, even though it wasn’t

necessary. You needn’t have gone to so much

trouble. (but you did)

Prohibition (mustn’t)

● Mustn’t: It is forbidden to do sth; it is

against the rules/law; you are not

allowed to do sth. We mustn't use a

dictionary during the exam.

Advice (should, ought to)

● Should: general advice – You should see

someone about your panic attacks. (It’s my

advice. / I advise you to ..)

● Ought to: general advice - You ought to get

more sleep every night. (It’s a Good idea/

thing to do.)

Possibility (can, could)

● Can + present infinitive: General/

theorical possibility. Not usually used for

a specific situation.

A fear can be paralysing. (general

possibility - it is theoretically possible)

● Could/May/Might + present infinitive:

Possibility in a specific situation. She

might see a psychologist about her

self-esteem issues. (It is possible/ It is

likely/ Perhaps.)

Note: We can use can/could/ might in questions

but not may. Who could help me with my problem

● Could/ Might/ Would + perfect infinitive

refer to sth in the past that was possible

but it didn’t happen. I could have gone to

Jim for advice but he was out of town. (It

was possible but I didn’t do it.)

Ability/Inability (can, could,was able to)

● Can(‘t) expresses (in)ability in the

present/future. Jane can sing and dance

very well. (She is able to...)

● Could expresses general repeated ability

in the past. He could play chess when he

was six.(He was able to...)

● Was able to expresses ability on a

specific occasion in the past. We were

able to find cheap theatre tickets. (We

managed to...)

● Couldn’t/Wasn’t able to may be used to

express any kind of inability in the

past,repeated or specific.

Sophie couldn’t run fast as a child. (wasn’t able

to;past repeated action) Lizzie couldn’t/wasn’t

able to run in the race because she had a sprained

ankle.

(didn’t manage to; past single action)

Offers/ Suggestions( can,would, shall,could)

● Can: Can I make you some tea? (Would

you like me to...?)

● Would: Would you like to invite your friends

to dinner ? (Do you want to...?)

● Shall: Shall I pick you up from the airport?

(Would you like me to...?/Do you want

me to...?)

● Can/Could: We can cook pasta for dinner.

We could go trekking next week. (Let’s...)

Probability(Will, should/ought to)

● Will: She will feel better after she’s discussed her problem.(100% certain)

● Should/Ought to: Jared should/ought to drop by later. (90% certain; future only; it’s probable)

Permission/Prohibition (can,may,mustn’t,can’t)

● Can/May are used to ask for/ give permission.

May is more formal than can. Can/ May I use your phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it Ok if … ?)

● Mustn’t/Can’t: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do

sth.We mustn’t(can’t park in front of the hospital.

Logical assumptions/ Deductions (must,may/may,can’t)

● Must = almost certain that this is/was true

I’ve never seen him before. He must be new here. Jill isn’t talking to Frank.They must have argued (I’m

sure/certain that sth is true.)

● May/Might/Could = possible that this is/was true

It’s Jenny’s birthday next week, and she may have a party. Gary is late because he might have missed his

bus. (It is possible./It is likely./Perhaps.)

● Can’t/Couldn’t =almost certain that this is/was impossible. She can’t have gone bungee

jumping; she has a fear of heights. Kelly couldn’t have been at the party; she was out of town. (I’m

sure that sth isn’t true, real, etc.)

Modals

Modal verbs:

⚫

don't take -s, -ing or -ed suffixes. are followed by the bare infinitive (infinitive without to).

come before the subject in questions and are

followed by not in negations.

⚫

don't have tenses in the normal sense. When followed by a present

bare infinitive, they refer to an incomplete action or state (i.e. present or future). You should be

more patient. When followed by a perfect bare infinitive, they refer to a complete action or state. He

should have listened to her advice. Note: The tenses of the infinitive are:

Present: (to) walk

Present continuous: (to) be walking

Perfect: (to) have walked

Perfect continuous: (to) have been walking

Obligation/Duty/Necessity

(must, have to, should/ought to)

Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth, and shows that sth is essential. We generally use

must when the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e. subjective). She must see a dentist

soon. You must tell her the truth. (It is your duty./You are obliged to do sth.)

Have to expresses strong necessity/obligation. We usually use have to when somebody other than

the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e. objective). The doctor says I have to take these

pills for a week. (It's necessary. The doctor told me so.)

• Had to is the past form of both must and have to. • Should/Ought to express duty, weak obligation.

You should explain things in more detail. (It's your duty. - less emphatic than must)

Absence of necessity

(don't have to/don't need to/needn't)

Don't have to/Don't need to/Needn't: It isn't necessary to do sth in the present/future. You don't have

to give the speech if you feel nervous. Alan doesn't need to have an injection. You needn't worry

about the bad weather.

Didn't need to/Didn't have to:

It wasn't necessary to do sth. We don't know if it was done or not. Pam didn't have to go to work

earlier. (We don't know whether she went to work earlier or not.)

Needn't have + past participle: It wasn't necessary to do sth, but it was done. An

action happened in the past, even though it wasn't necessary. You needn't have gone to so much

trouble. (but you did)

Prohibition (mustn't)

Mustn't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We

mustn't use a dictionary during the exam.

Advice (should, ought to)

Should: general advice - You should see someone

about your panic attacks. (It's my advice./I advise you to...) Ought to: general advice You ought to

get more sleep every night. (It's a good idea/thing to do.)

Possibility (can, could)

Can + present infinitive: General/theoretical possibility. Not usually used for a specific situation. A

fear can be paralysing. (general possibility - it is theoretically possible)

Could/May/Might + present infinitive: Possibility in a specific situation. She might see a

psychologist about her self-esteem issues. (It is possible./It is likely./Perhaps.) Note: We can use

can/could/might in questions but not may. Who could help me with my problem?

Could/Might/Would+ perfect infinitive refer to sth in the past that was possible but it didn't happen. I

could have gone to Jim for advice but he was out of town. (It was possible but I didn't do it.)

Ability/Inability (can, could, was able to)

Can('t) expresses (in)ability in the present/ future. Jane can sing and dance very well. (She is

able to...) Could expresses general repeated ability in the past. He could play chess when he was

six. (He was

able to...) Was able to expresses ability on a specific occasion in the past. We were able to find

cheap theatre tickets. (We managed to…)

Couldn't/Wasn't able to may be used to express any kind of inability in the past, repeated or

specific. Sophie couldn't run fast as a child. (wasn't able to; past repeated action) Lizzie

couldn't/wasn't able to run in the race because she had a sprained ankle. (didn't manage to; past

single action)

Offers/Suggestions (can, would, shall, could)

Can: Can I make you some tea? (Would you like me

to...?)

Would: Would you like to invite your friends to

dinner? (Do you want to ...?)

Shall: Shall I pick you up from the airport? (Would

you like me to...?/Do you want me to ...?) Can/Could: We can cook pasta for dinner. We could go

trekking next week. (Let's...)

Probability (will, should/ought to)

Will: She will feel better after she's discussed her problem. (100% certain) Should/Ought to: Jared

should/ought to drop by later. (90% certain; future only; it's probable)

Permission/Prohibition (can, may, mustn't, can't)

Can/May are used to ask for/give permission.

May is more formal than can. Can/May I use your phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it OK if ...?)

Mustn't/Can't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We

mustn't/can't park in front of the hospital.

Permission/Prohibition (can, may, mustn't, can't)

Can/May are used to ask for/give permission. May is more formal than can. Can/May I use your

phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it OK if...?) Mustn't/Can't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the

rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We mustn't/can't park in front of the hospital. .

Logical assumptions/Deductions (must, may/might, can't)

Must almost certain that this is/was true I've never seen him before. He must be new here. Jill isn't

talking to Frank. They must have argued. (I'm sure/certain that sth is true.) • May/Might/Could =

possible that this is/was true It's Jenny's birthday next week, and she may have a party. Gary is late

because he might have missed his bus. (It is possible./It is likely./ Perhaps.)

Can't/Couldn't = almost certain that this is/was impossible She can't have gone bungee jumping:

she has a fear of heights. Kelly couldn't have been at the party; she was out of town. (I'm sure that

sth isn't true, real, etc.)