Enríquez Varela Josué Alejandro
English II
2BM4
UPIITA-IPN, CDMX, Sep. 25th 2023
Revilla Cuevas Laura Adriana
Homework 6 MODALS PRACTICE
Homework 6 MODALS PRACTICE 1
Description 1
Activities: 1
Theory: 1
Description
Click the links that I attached to this assignment.
Star t by reviewing the powerpoint presentation and the other file that I attached because they contained the
grammar explanation of the topic.
Then answer the exercises that belong to the British Council site, then the rest of the exercises.
Review all the grammar explanations about the topics and answer all the activities included.
Take screenshots of the results (at least 80% of good ones)
Paste them in a file.
Attach the file in this assignment.
Activities:
Theory:
-don’t take–s,ngior–ed suffixes.
-are followed by the bare infinitive(infinitive without to).
-come before the subject in questions and are followed by not in negation
-don’t have tenses in the normal sense. When followed by present bare infinitive,they refer to an incomplet
action or state (i.e. present or future).
You should be more patient. When followed by a perfect bare infinitive,they refer to a complete action or
state.
He should have listened to her advice.
Note: The tenses of the infinitive are:
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Present: (to) walk
Present continuous: (to) be walking
Perfect: (to) have walked
Perfect continuous: (to) have been walking
Obligation/ Duty/ Necessity
(must, have to, should /ought to=
Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth,
and shows that sth is essential.We generally use
must when the speaker has decided that sth is
necessary(i.e. subjective). She must see a dentist
son. You must tell her the truth. (It is your
duty/You are obliged to do sth.)
Have to express strong necessity/obligation.
We usually use have to when somebody other than
the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e.
objective). The doctor says I have to take these
pills for a week. (It’s necessary. The doctor told
me so.)
Had to is the past form of both must and
have to.
Should/Ought to express duty,weak
obligation.
You should explain things in more detail. (It’s your
duty.– les empathic tan must=
Absence of necessity
don’t have to/ don’t need to/ needn’t.
Don’t have to/Don’t need to/Needn’t
It isn’t necessary to do sth in the present /future.
You don’t have to give the speech if you feel
nervous.
Alan doesn’t need to have an injection. You
needn’t worry about the bad weather.
Didn’t need to/Didn’t have to:
It wasn't necessary to do sth. We don’t know if it
was done or not. Pam didn’t have to go work
earlier.
(We don’t know whether she went to work earlier or
not.)
Needn’t have + past participle
It wasn’t necessary to do sth, but it was done. An
action happened in the past, even though it wasn’t
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necessary. You needn’t have gone to so much
trouble. (but you did)
Prohibition (mustn’t)
Mustn’t: It is forbidden to do sth; it is
against the rules/law; you are not
allowed to do sth. We mustn't use a
dictionary during the exam.
Advice (should, ought to)
Should: general advice You should see
someone about your panic attacks. (It’s my
advice. / I advise you to ..)
Ought to: general advice - You ought to get
more sleep every night. (It’s a Good idea/
thing to do.)
Possibility (can, could)
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Can + present infinitive: General/
theorical possibility. Not usually used for
a specific situation.
A fear can be paralysing. (general
possibility - it is theoretically possible)
Could/May/Might + present infinitive:
Possibility in a specific situation. She
might see a psychologist about her
self-esteem issues. (It is possible/ It is
likely/ Perhaps.)
Note: We can use can/could/ might in questions
but not may. Who could help me with my problem
?
Could/ Might/ Would + perfect infinitive
refer to sth in the past that was possible
but it didn’t happen. I could have gone to
Jim for advice but he was out of town. (It
was possible but I didn’t do it.)
Ability/Inability (can, could,was able to)
Can(‘t) expresses (in)ability in the
present/future. Jane can sing and dance
very well. (She is able to...)
Could expresses general repeated ability
in the past. He could play chess when he
was six.(He was able to...)
Was able to expresses ability on a
specific occasion in the past. We were
able to find cheap theatre tickets. (We
managed to...)
Couldn’t/Wasn’t able to may be used to
express any kind of inability in the
past,repeated or specific.
Sophie couldn’t run fast as a child. (wasn’t able
to;past repeated action) Lizzie couldn’t/wasn’t
able to run in the race because she had a sprained
ankle.
(didn’t manage to; past single action)
Offers/ Suggestions( can,would, shall,could)
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Can: Can I make you some tea? (Would
you like me to...?)
Would: Would you like to invite your friends
to dinner ? (Do you want to...?)
Shall: Shall I pick you up from the airport?
(Would you like me to...?/Do you want
me to...?)
Can/Could: We can cook pasta for dinner.
We could go trekking next week. (Let’s...)
Probability(Will, should/ought to)
Will: She will feel better after she’s discussed her problem.(100% certain)
Should/Ought to: Jared should/ought to drop by later. (90% certain; future only; it’s probable)
Permission/Prohibition (can,may,mustn’t,can’t)
Can/May are used to ask for/ give permission.
May is more formal than can. Can/ May I use your phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it Ok if ?)
Mustn’t/Can’t: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do
sth.We mustn’t(can’t park in front of the hospital.
Logical assumptions/ Deductions (must,may/may,can’t)
Must = almost certain that this is/was true
I’ve never seen him before. He must be new here. Jill isn’t talking to Frank.They must have argued (I’m
sure/certain that sth is true.)
May/Might/Could = possible that this is/was true
It’s Jenny’s birthday next week, and she may have a party. Gary is late because he might have missed his
bus. (It is possible./It is likely./Perhaps.)
Can’t/Couldn’t =almost certain that this is/was impossible. She can’t have gone bungee
jumping; she has a fear of heights. Kelly couldn’t have been at the party; she was out of town. (I’m
sure that sth isn’t true, real, etc.)
Modals
Modal verbs:
don't take -s, -ing or -ed suffixes. are followed by the bare infinitive (infinitive without to).
come before the subject in questions and are
followed by not in negations.
don't have tenses in the normal sense. When followed by a present
bare infinitive, they refer to an incomplete action or state (i.e. present or future). You should be
more patient. When followed by a perfect bare infinitive, they refer to a complete action or state. He
should have listened to her advice. Note: The tenses of the infinitive are:
5
Present: (to) walk
Present continuous: (to) be walking
Perfect: (to) have walked
Perfect continuous: (to) have been walking
Obligation/Duty/Necessity
(must, have to, should/ought to)
Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth, and shows that sth is essential. We generally use
must when the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e. subjective). She must see a dentist
soon. You must tell her the truth. (It is your duty./You are obliged to do sth.)
Have to expresses strong necessity/obligation. We usually use have to when somebody other than
the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e. objective). The doctor says I have to take these
pills for a week. (It's necessary. The doctor told me so.)
Had to is the past form of both must and have to. Should/Ought to express duty, weak obligation.
You should explain things in more detail. (It's your duty. - less emphatic than must)
Absence of necessity
2
(don't have to/don't need to/needn't)
Don't have to/Don't need to/Needn't: It isn't necessary to do sth in the present/future. You don't have
to give the speech if you feel nervous. Alan doesn't need to have an injection. You needn't worry
about the bad weather.
Didn't need to/Didn't have to:
It wasn't necessary to do sth. We don't know if it was done or not. Pam didn't have to go to work
earlier. (We don't know whether she went to work earlier or not.)
Needn't have + past participle: It wasn't necessary to do sth, but it was done. An
action happened in the past, even though it wasn't necessary. You needn't have gone to so much
trouble. (but you did)
Prohibition (mustn't)
Mustn't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We
mustn't use a dictionary during the exam.
Advice (should, ought to)
Should: general advice - You should see someone
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about your panic attacks. (It's my advice./I advise you to...) Ought to: general advice You ought to
get more sleep every night. (It's a good idea/thing to do.)
Possibility (can, could)
Can + present infinitive: General/theoretical possibility. Not usually used for a specific situation. A
fear can be paralysing. (general possibility - it is theoretically possible)
Could/May/Might + present infinitive: Possibility in a specific situation. She might see a
psychologist about her self-esteem issues. (It is possible./It is likely./Perhaps.) Note: We can use
can/could/might in questions but not may. Who could help me with my problem?
Could/Might/Would+ perfect infinitive refer to sth in the past that was possible but it didn't happen. I
could have gone to Jim for advice but he was out of town. (It was possible but I didn't do it.)
Ability/Inability (can, could, was able to)
Can('t) expresses (in)ability in the present/ future. Jane can sing and dance very well. (She is
able to...) Could expresses general repeated ability in the past. He could play chess when he was
six. (He was
able to...) Was able to expresses ability on a specific occasion in the past. We were able to find
cheap theatre tickets. (We managed to…)
Couldn't/Wasn't able to may be used to express any kind of inability in the past, repeated or
specific. Sophie couldn't run fast as a child. (wasn't able to; past repeated action) Lizzie
couldn't/wasn't able to run in the race because she had a sprained ankle. (didn't manage to; past
single action)
Offers/Suggestions (can, would, shall, could)
Can: Can I make you some tea? (Would you like me
to...?)
Would: Would you like to invite your friends to
dinner? (Do you want to ...?)
Shall: Shall I pick you up from the airport? (Would
you like me to...?/Do you want me to ...?) Can/Could: We can cook pasta for dinner. We could go
trekking next week. (Let's...)
Probability (will, should/ought to)
Will: She will feel better after she's discussed her problem. (100% certain) Should/Ought to: Jared
should/ought to drop by later. (90% certain; future only; it's probable)
Permission/Prohibition (can, may, mustn't, can't)
Can/May are used to ask for/give permission.
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May is more formal than can. Can/May I use your phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it OK if ...?)
Mustn't/Can't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We
mustn't/can't park in front of the hospital.
Permission/Prohibition (can, may, mustn't, can't)
Can/May are used to ask for/give permission. May is more formal than can. Can/May I use your
phone? Yes, you can/may. (Is it OK if...?) Mustn't/Can't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the
rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. We mustn't/can't park in front of the hospital. .
Logical assumptions/Deductions (must, may/might, can't)
Must almost certain that this is/was true I've never seen him before. He must be new here. Jill isn't
talking to Frank. They must have argued. (I'm sure/certain that sth is true.) May/Might/Could =
possible that this is/was true It's Jenny's birthday next week, and she may have a party. Gary is late
because he might have missed his bus. (It is possible./It is likely./ Perhaps.)
"
Can't/Couldn't = almost certain that this is/was impossible She can't have gone bungee jumping:
she has a fear of heights. Kelly couldn't have been at the party; she was out of town. (I'm sure that
sth isn't true, real, etc.)
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